Exposure
Four exposure categories: Pesticides, solvents, metals and general dust/gas/fumes.
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EXPOSURES: 

General

  • Biological dust
  • Mineral dust
  • Gases &  fumes
  • Vapours, gases, dust and fumes

Pesticides

  • All pesticides
  • Herbicides
  • Insecticides
  • Fungicides

Solvents

  • Aromatic solvents
  • Chlorinated solves
  • Other types of solvents

Metals

  • Metals

Measures of exposure: It assigns o (=non-exposed) or 1 (=medium-exposed) or  2 (=high-exposed) to each job.

Analyses can be consequently done with “ever high” and “only low” given one’s history or a cumulative exposure estimates can be construed by multiplying the number of years in a job with the weighted score for medium (=1) or for high (=4) and consequently summing over the entire (or part e.g. lags or windows) of someone’s job history.

Name: Hand-wrist

Coverage
All titel in the International Standard Classification of Occupations 1988 on a 4-digit unit group level.
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Please note that there are 6 exceptions with 2-digit codes:

94 Not classifiable
95 Housewife
96 Unemployed
97 Not working because for health reasons
98 Student
99 Retired

These are not assigned an exposure.

Job Classification

ISCO-88

Uncertainty in Exposure

The exposures were expert assessed.

Calendar Period
No information
Demographics
None
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References & JEM developer
Key Developer: Vivi Schlünssen

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Affiliation at the time of development: Department of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

Reference: 

  • There are two references describing the original Aloha JEM
  • There are two references describing the Aloha JEM with additional pesticides, solvent and metals
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The original ALOHA JEM (with just the 4 general exposure categories) was first used and described in the literature in these papers:

  • Matheson MC1, Benke G, Raven J, Sim MR, Kromhout H, Vermeulen R, Johns DP, Walters EH, Abramson MJ.  Biological dust exposure in the workplace is a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 2005 Aug;60(8):645-51.
  • Sunyer J, Zock JP, Kromhout H, Garcia-Esteban R, Radon K, Jarvis D, Toren K, Künzli N, Norbäck D, d’Errico A, Urrutia I, Payo F, Olivieri M, Villani S, Van Sprundel M, Antó JM, Kogevinas M; Occupational Group of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Lung function decline, chronic bronchitis, and occupational exposures in young adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Nov 1;172(9):1139-45. Epub 2005 Jul 22.

The ALOHA+ JEM (with additional pesticides, solvents and metals) was first used and described in these two papers:

  • van der Mark M, Vermeulen R, Nijssen PC, Mulleners WM, Sas AM, van Laar T, Brouwer M, Huss A, Kromhout H. Occupational exposure to pesticides and endotoxin and Parkinson disease in the Netherlands. Occup Environ Med. 2014 Nov;71(11):757-64. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102170. Epub 2014 Aug 7.
  • de Jong K, Boezen HM, Kromhout H, Vermeulen R, Postma DS, Vonk JM. Association of occupational pesticide exposure with accelerated longitudinal decline in lung function. Am J Epidemiol. 2014 Jun 1;179(11):1323-30.