Beskrivelse af JEM
Name: The Shoulder JEM
Exposure:
The JEM consists of two parts, a purely expert rated part and a calibrated part, where technical measurements in a selection of occupations are included to calibrate the expert ratings.
Expert ratings:
1) upper arm elevation >90°, 2) repetitive shoulder movements, 3) forceful shoulder exertions, 4) use of hand-arm vibrations tools, 5) lifting/carrying >20 kg, 6) pushing or pulling >50 kg and 7) computer use, 8) shoulder load 9) total shoulder score.
Technical measurements:
1) upper arm elevation >90°, 2) repetitive shoulder movements.
Access: To obtain access to data follow the application procedure on this site. You will find an overview of the access posibilies to the JEM here Hent dokument.
Coverage: All occupational titles in the DISCO-88 system. Including 172 job groups.
Job title and industry classification system: DISCO-88.
Calendar period: 1993-current date
Measures of exposure:
Expert ratings:
- Upper arm elevation >90°: duration (% time, continuous, mean)
- Repetitive shoulder movements: duration (% time, continuous, mean) and frequency (0-2, categorical, median)
- Forceful shoulder exertions: intensity (score: 0-4, categorical, mean)
- Use of hand-arm vibrations tool: duration (% time, continuous, mean) and intensity (0-2, categorical, median)
- Lifting/carrying > 20 kg: duration (% time, continuous, mean) and frequency (continuous, mean)
- Pushing or pulling >50 kg duration: (% time, continuous, mean) and frequency (continuous, mean)
- Computer use: duration (% time, mean)
- Shoulder load (0-2, categorical, mean)
- Total shoulder score (0-10, categorical, mean)
Technical measurements:
- Upper arm elevation >90°: duration (% time, mean)
- Repetitive shoulder movements: duration (angular velocity, median, 10th and 90th percentiles)
Exposure variable | Definition |
Upper arm elevation | Upper arm elevation >90° was defined as working with one or both elbows above shoulder height. |
Repetitive shoulder movements | Repetitive shoulder movements were defined as at least 4 movements of the upper arm per minute continuously for at least 30 minutes with a range of movement of at least 30°. Repetitive shoulder movements were categorised according to their frequency as either moderately repetitive work (4-<15 movements per minute) or highly repetitive work (≥15 movements per minute). |
Force | |
Forceful shoulder exertions | Forceful shoulder exertions were defined as the mean shoulder force requirement for the entire work day using Moore & Garg’s intensity of exertion in relation to a standard 35-year-old male trade worker using a 5-point force-score scale (0=light, 1=somewhat hard, 2=hard, 3=very hard, 4=near maximal). |
Lifting/carrying | Lifting/carrying loads was defined as manually lifting or carrying an object of ≥10 kg (including lifting of humans). The frequency of lifting/carrying objects was defined as the mean number of lifts per hour when performing work which entails lifting/carrying. |
Pushing/pulling | Pushing/pulling was defined as manually pushing or pulling an object of ≥50 kg. The frequency of pushing/pulling objects was defined as the mean number of pushing/pulling manoeuvres per hour when performing work which entails pushing/pulling. |
HAV (hand-arm vibration) | Exposure to HAV was defined as working with a hand-held vibrating tool the following acceleration groups: <3, ≥3–10, and >10 m/s2. |
Computer use | Computer use was simply defined as using a computer. |
Total shoulder score | The total shoulder score was defined as the overall shoulder exposure based on all above mentioned exposures, which is considered to have an internal effect on the rotator cuff (scored 0-10). |
The exposure assessement methods are shown in the table below.
Exposure variables | Dimension | Scale | Expert ratings |
Upper arm elevation | |||
Upper arm elevation >90° | Duration | Continuous |  |
Upper arm elevation >60° | Duration | Continuous |  |
Upper arm elevation 90th percentile (°) | Intensity | Continuous | |
Upper arm elevation 99th percentile (°) | Intensity | Continuous | |
Repetitive shoulder movements | |||
Repetitive shoulder movements | Duration | Continuous | |
Repetitive shoulder movements | Frequency | Categories (1-3) | |
Median upper arm angular velocity (°/s) | Intensity | Continuous | |
Force | |||
Forceful shoulder exertion | Intensity | Continuous | |
Lifting/carrying >10 kg | Duration | Continuous | |
Lifting/carrying >10 kg | Frequency | Continuous | |
Pushing/pulling >50 kg | Duration | Continuous | |
Pushing/pulling >50 kg | Frequency | Continuous | |
HAV* | |||
HAV | Duration | Continuous | |
HAV acceleration group | Intensity | Categories (1-3) | |
Computer use | Duration | Continuous | |
Total shoulder score | Intensity | Continuous | |
*HAV, hand-arm vibration. * Borg scale (CR10). ** Self-reported exposures estimates were not used in the dissertation. Duration = hours
Uncertainty in exposure measures: None included.
Demographic dimensions: None included.
Referencer og kontaktinformation
Contact information: Annett Dalbøge. Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Environmental Medicine. Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Bygning 2C, Aarhus C, Denmark. Email: anetaner@rm.dk.
Reference:
Expert ratings:
1) Dalbøge, A. Frost, P. Andersen, J.H. Svendsen, S.W. Cumulative occupational shoulder exposures and surgery for subacromial impingement syndrome: a nationwide Danish cohort study. Occup. Environ. Med.2014. 71(11),750-756.
2) Svendsen, S.W. Dalbøge, A. Andersen, J.H. Thomsen, J.F. Frost, P. Risk of surgery for subacromial impingement syndrome in relation to neck-shoulder complaints and occupational biomechanical exposures: a longitudinal study. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health. 2013. 39 (6),568-577.
Technical measurements:
3) Dalbøge, A, Hansson GA, Andersen JH, Svendsen SW. Upper arm elevation and repetitive shoulder movements: a general population job exposure matrix based on expert ratings and technical measurements. Occup Environ Med. 2016 Aug;73(8):553-60.
